Varicose veins of the lower extremities, which is also called varicose veins, is manifested as the expansion of the surface veins of the legs, which accompanies the impaired blood flow and the failure of the valves.
With varicose veins of the veins of the legs, expansion of the walls of the veins of a bag -shaped type are formed.In this state, an increase in the length of the veins is observed, their serpentine convictions,
valve deficiency.Currently, varicose veins are very common: it is observed in about 17-25 % of people.
At a young age, before puberty, this ailment develops in representatives of both sexes with the same frequency.However, in women in adulthood, varicose veins are observed twice as often than in men.A similar picture can be explained by significant hormonal changes during the occurrence of menstruation, during gestation.As a result, the tone of the veins is weakened, they expand, and a violation of venous blood circulation occurs.
The causes of varicose veins of the legs
Today, experts tend to support many theories that indicate why varicose veins are developing on the legs.But, nevertheless, speaking of the main reason for this ailment, it should be noted Violation of the valve apparatus veins.As a result, the valves make it difficult to move the blood in the opposite direction.Therefore, only blood flow to the heart occurs fully.Insufficient valve function of veins can appear due to thrombosis, congenital valves failure, weakness of the walls of the veins and other causes.
With insufficient valves of veins in a person who has risen on his feet, blood is directed down under the influence of gravity.When walking, the muscles of the lower shafts surrounding deep veins are reduced.Accordingly, the veins are devastated, and an increase arises venous pressure.As a result, blood enters the surface veins, they stretch, and manifests itself varicose veins.
There are also a number of factors that directly affect the progression of varicose veins.In women, varicose veins often develops as a consequence pregnancy.During this period, the volume of blood increases significantly in the female body.The increasing uterus is very pressed on the veins coming from the legs.In addition, in the process of pregnancy, hormonal restructuring of the body affects the condition of the veins.In many cases, varicose veins during pregnancy is reversible, that is, after childbirth, it gradually disappears.
Very often, varicose veins of the lower extremities are manifested in people who are forced to stand in the process for a long time.Another risk factor for varicose veins is obesity: Open people have increased intra -abdominal pressure and, as a result, the expansion of veins.
Often veins also expand in people who are prone to regular stray.This happens at chronic constipation, cough, prostate adenoma and other conditions.Varicose veins can sometimes become a consequence of surgical operations on the legs.
Another factor predisposing to varicose veins is the age of a person.As a rule, over time, the aging of valves and walls of the veins occurs.As a result, elasticity is lost, and the veins are stretched.
Varicose veins often occurs in patients suffering Thromboses deep veinshaving Congenital blood vessel anomalies.
Given the factors that directly influenced the development of the disease, it is customary to distinguish between Primary And secondary Varicose veins.
Symptoms of the development of varicose veins of the veins
First of all, visible symptoms of varicose veins on the legs are the occurrence of a network of thin veins on the surface of the skin of the legs.Such manifestations mainly arise in the thigh zone.Such a varicose grid is easiest to consider in people who suffer cellulite.Sometimes it is cellulite that becomes a kind of harbinger of varicose veins.Often, the fat deposits for cellulite are squeezed with venous vessels, and as a result, blood flow is complicated and varicose veins occurs.
Capillary nets on the legs that appear at the beginning of varicose veins are called Telengioectasias.However, it should be noted that such external manifestations can be signs of varicose veins and a manifestation of a temporary inflammatory process.
In some cases, swelling on the legs indicates the beginning of varicose veins.However, such a sign can be a symptom and other diseases (heart failure, urolithiasis of the kidney disease).Therefore, in this case, it is impossible to clearly talk about the development of varicose veins until the diagnosis is established.
The symptom of varicose veins often also becomes a manifestation of pain in the legs.Pain can be acute, and also have pulling signs.Most often, with varicose veins, pain in calves manifests itself.It mainly occurs in the afternoon, after a certain load on the legs.
Thus, a person who observes the appearance of a capillary grid, periodic manifestations of pain and edema should consult a doctor and undergo the necessary studies.
Often varicose veins gives the patient a certain cosmetic discomfort.But besides this, he may show a feeling of strong heaviness in his legs, at night may occur Convulsions, on the legs are gradually manifested Trophic changes.
Visually varicose disease can manifest itself with not particularly noticeable “stars” of small vessels, and very large nodes and plexuses, which are especially distinguished when the patient is in an upright position.
If palpation of veins is carried out, their elastic elastic consistency is determined, they easily compress.Anta over the nodes of varicose veins can have a higher temperature than the rest of the areas.If a person takes a horizontal position, then the voltage of the veins subsides, and the nodes become less pronounced.
If, with the development of the disease, a person does not think about how to treat varicose veins, the disease progresses, and gradually the sensation of rapid fatigue, constant severity of the legs and a feeling of swelling in their tissues are joined, and seizures can sometimes be manifested.If swelling appears, then they disappear after a long rest at night.
Diagnosis of varicose veins of the veins
Diagnosis of this disease is relatively easy.The specialist must conduct an examination and survey of the patient, studies an anamnesis.In the process of additional studies, the state of the valves of the main and communicant veins is determined, and the level of patency of deep veins is evaluated.There are a number of various samples that allows you to assess the state of veins and the degree of development of the disease.
If the patient has an uncomplicated varicose disease, then in most cases instrumental diagnostic methods are not used.
Treatment of varicose veins of the legs
Conservative treatment of varicose veins is mainly prescribed for those people who have clear contraindications for surgical intervention.
Also, such treatment is indicated in the presence of a patient with a slight expansion of veins, which is an exclusively cosmetic defect.The aim of conservative therapy is also a prevention of further progression of this ailment.For this purpose, patients are recommended to use binting of legs affected by varicose veins, an elastic bandage.In addition, compression knitwear for varicose veins is indicated.People who have a tendency to varicose veins or are already sick with this ailment should regularly put their legs for elevation throughout the day, thus resting for several minutes.There are also special exercises for the lower leg and feet aimed at activating the muscle-venous pump.This is periodic extension and flexion in the ankle and knee joints.
The patient must ensure that it is not allowed to tighten the lower leg and hips with different objects of the toilet, as this can significantly complicate the current of venous blood.
Using elastic compression, you can activate the blood flow in deep veins, prevent edema, reduce the amount of blood in subcutaneous veins, promote the metabolic processes of the body and microcirculation of blood.
But in order to achieve positive results, it is important to bandage the leg correctly.This process must be done in the morning without rising from the bed.Binting starts from the fingers to the hip, while a small tension of the bandage should be felt.In the process of bandaging, it is necessary to capture the heel and the ankle joint.The bandage with each turn around the limb must half cover the previous tour.Only a certified elastic bandage and compression knitwear should be bought.
The treatment of varicose veins also implies the wearing of comfortable shoes, in which there should be a low heel and a hard sole.You should not stand for a long time, allow physical tension, stay in rooms with high temperature and humidity for a long time for a long time.In a dream, it is advisable to keep your legs in an elevated position.
Patients must limit the use of fluids and salt, try to get rid of Excess weight.For the treatment of varicose veins, it is periodically necessary to take drugs-diuretics, agents that improve the tone of veins.In addition, if there are indications, the patient may prescribe drugs that stimulate microcirculation in the tissues.Therapy of varicose veins may also include taking non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs.
If the patient has an uncomplicated form of the disease, he is shown classes of physiotherapy exercises.Swimming, other water procedures, legs for legs with warm water, in which 5-10 % solution of sodium salt of hydrochloric acid are added very useful.
Very often, in the treatment of varicose veins, local methods of therapy are used.But such treatment must be used in combination with other drug methods.Local products from varicose veins are produced in the form of gels, ointments, creams.Most of these drugs have a sour sulfur -containing glycosaminoglican or venoactive components.Ointments from varicose veins contribute to the normalization of the tone of the walls of the veins, can adjust the impaired lymph flow and microcirculation.In separate local drugs, there are several different active components.
If, in the process of varicose veins, a secondary infection occurs, then it is advisable to use external agents with antibiotics or antiseptics.
Since ancient times, the treatment has been used for treatment Hirudotherapywith varicose veins.The use of leeches secreting the anticoagulant contained in salivary glands allows you to dilute blood, helps to resolveBlows, getting rid of vascular stars and varicose nodes.In addition, hirudotherapy for varicose veins reduces the pain in the legs, overcome swelling.However, hirudotherapy is important to use already at the earliest stages of varicose veins.Such treatment should not be used for people with hemophilia, anemia, hypotension, pregnant women.
However, the radical method for therapy of varicose veins is a surgical surgery.It is carried out in order to eliminate venous venous refluxes.Such an operation is not carried out in the presence of concomitant diseases of the lungs, cardiovascular system, kidneys, liver.You can not perform such an operation for pregnant women, as well as people suffering from purulent diseases.Modern technologies allow an endoscopic technique for conducting such an operation.
If a person has only small branches, the use of sclerotherapy is allowed.Such an operation implies the introduction of a sclerosing solution for sticking the walls of the vein into a vein.After that, the veins carry out repeated injections in other segments, while reaching the full loud prison.
With varicose veins, combined operational therapy is also used, in which large trunks of altered veins and sclerotherapy of small branches are removed.After surgery, patients are recommended to continue wearing an elastic bandage for 8-12 weeks.
Treatment of varicose veins of the legs with folk methods
In addition to standard methods of treatment, recipes for traditional medicine, which have long been used to treat varicose veins, bring a good effect.Treatment of varicose veins by folk remedies can be practiced in parallel with traditional therapy.
With varicose veins, a good effect brings the use of a massage shower.Such massage can be performed in the process of daily acceptance of the shower.Water jets should simply be directed to those areas where the manifestations of varicose veins are visible.Massage begins with warm jets, but over time, water should become more cold.You can also use contrast massage, alternating warm and cold water.It is important that such a massage ends with cold jets.If the massage is produced correctly, then areas of the skin that were massage are blushed.After such a massage, you should grind your legs and apply a therapeutic ointment or gel on them.
With varicose veins, it is also recommended to carry out therapeutic baths for the legs from decoctions of herbs.Such baths should not be warm.A good effect is given in the morning of a bath of burdock, birch leaves, nettles.To prepare such an infusion, you should take a teaspoon of crushed herbs and pour one liter of boiling water.The infusion should stand for several hours.The bath lasts about 29 minutes.To increase the tone of blood vessels, the use of the same bath from the infusion of netting of nettles, chamomile, lemon balm and oregano is effective.
Prevention of varicose veins of the legs
The prevention of varicose veins includes a number of measures aimed at preventing signs of the disease.It is useful for each person to periodically hold their legs raised, take breaks during sitting work, and not wear underwear that is being experienced.A good method for the prevention of varicose veins will be a contrast shower, inclusion in the diet of products that are beneficial for blood, perform some physical exercises.At the first signs of varicose veins, consult a doctor in order to prevent the progression of the disease.
Complications of varicose veins of the legs
Very often, as a complication of varicose disease, it manifests itself Acute thrombophlebitis of superficial veins.Sometimes, due to damage, a varicose node and bleeding occurs.With the excess of blood from the node that burst, very significant blood loss is possible.
In addition, due to increased pressure in the veins system, arterial blood flow is slowed.Because of this, it may develop Hypoxia And the next Oxygen starvation.Due to the development of such a state, tissue tissue can die, which is a dangerous process for the body.Due to the pronounced stagnation of blood in the veins, toxins in the tissues accumulate.
The complications of this ailment are also blocking the blood vessel thrombus, a violation of the nutrition of fabric of the legs, the appearance of pigmentation and darkening of the skin.
Gradually becomes a denser layer of subcutaneous fat, arise dermatitis, Venous trophic ulcers.In very rare cases, there is a degeneration of such ulcers into malignant formations.
If the disease continues for a long period, then a person can subsequently develop Chronic venous deficiency.
But the most dangerous complication of varicose disease is pulmonary artery thromboembolism.This disease is fraught with death.